AME 1 Q4 – SVE Study

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AME 1 Q4

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Question: What is the main difference between stainless steel grades 304 and 316, and how is it achieved?

B. 304 has a higher nickel content, improving ductility.

A. 316 has higher carbon content, increasing hardness.

D. 304 has a lower chromium content, reducing cost.

C. 316 has added molybdenum, enhancing corrosion resistance.

Answer:

C. 316 has added molybdenum, enhancing corrosion resistance.

1. High Corrosion Resistance Stainless Steels

Explanation:

The primary difference between stainless steel grades 304 and 316 lies in the addition of molybdenum to 316. This element significantly improves the steel's resistance to corrosion, particularly in environments with high chloride content, such as marine applications.

1. What Is The Difference Between 304 And 316 Stainless Steel?

2. Molybdenum Effects on Pitting Corrosion Resistance of FeCrMnMoNC Austenitic Stainless Steels - MDPI

While both grades contain chromium for corrosion resistance, the inclusion of molybdenum in 316 provides an extra layer of protection.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. 316 has higher carbon content, increasing hardness. While carbon does affect hardness in steel, it's not the primary difference between 304 and 316. The main distinction lies in the addition of molybdenum.
B. 304 has a higher nickel content, improving ductility. While nickel does contribute to ductility, it's not the defining characteristic between these two grades. The crucial difference is the presence of molybdenum in 316.
D. 304 has a lower chromium content, reducing cost. This is incorrect. Both 304 and 316 contain sufficient chromium to provide corrosion resistance. The addition of molybdenum in 316 is what differentiates the two grades, primarily in terms of corrosion resistance.

Answer:

C. 316 has added molybdenum, enhancing corrosion resistance.

1. High Corrosion Resistance Stainless Steels

Explanation:

1. What Is The Difference Between 304 And 316 Stainless Steel?

2. Molybdenum Effects on Pitting Corrosion Resistance of FeCrMnMoNC Austenitic Stainless Steels - MDPI

While both grades contain chromium for corrosion resistance, the inclusion of molybdenum in 316 provides an extra layer of protection.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. 316 has higher carbon content, increasing hardness. While carbon does affect hardness in steel, it's not the primary difference between 304 and 316. The main distinction lies in the addition of molybdenum.
B. 304 has a higher nickel content, improving ductility. While nickel does contribute to ductility, it's not the defining characteristic between these two grades. The crucial difference is the presence of molybdenum in 316.
D. 304 has a lower chromium content, reducing cost. This is incorrect. Both 304 and 316 contain sufficient chromium to provide corrosion resistance. The addition of molybdenum in 316 is what differentiates the two grades, primarily in terms of corrosion resistance.

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Question: Which of the following pairs correctly match a stainless steel grade (304 or 316) with two typical applications found on a modern marine vessel?

B. 304: Interior fittings, railings; 316: Hull components, bilge pumps

A. 304: Kitchen sinks, electrical wiring; 316: Propellers, engine components

D. 304: Engine components, structural beams; 316: Interior lighting, ventilation ducts

C. 304: Propellers, rudder; 316: Kitchen appliances, decorative trim

Answer:

B. 304: Interior fittings, railings; 316: Hull components, bilge pumps

Explanation:

304 stainless steel is often used for interior fittings and railings on marine vessels due to its good corrosion resistance in less severe environments.
316 stainless steel is better suited for external components exposed to saltwater, such as hull components and bilge pumps, due to its superior resistance to chloride-induced corrosion.

Options A, C, and D contain incorrect pairings of steel grade and application.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. 304: Kitchen sinks, electrical wiring; 316: Propellers, engine components: While both 304 and 316 have their applications, electrical wiring is typically not made from stainless steel due to cost and conductivity considerations. Additionally, propellers often require materials with higher strength and specific corrosion resistance properties, which 316 might not fully provide.
C. 304: Propellers, rudder; 316: Kitchen appliances, decorative trim: Propellers and rudders are exposed to harsh marine environments and require superior corrosion resistance, which is better provided by 316 stainless steel. 304 is more suitable for interior applications like kitchen appliances and decorative trim.
D. 304: Engine components, structural beams; 316: Interior lighting, ventilation ducts: Engine components often require materials with specific heat resistance and mechanical properties, which 304 might not fully provide. Interior lighting and ventilation ducts are generally not exposed to the same level of harsh conditions as external components and can be adequately served by 304 stainless steel.

Answer:

B. 304: Interior fittings, railings; 316: Hull components, bilge pumps

Explanation:

304 stainless steel is often used for interior fittings and railings on marine vessels due to its good corrosion resistance in less severe environments.
316 stainless steel is better suited for external components exposed to saltwater, such as hull components and bilge pumps, due to its superior resistance to chloride-induced corrosion.

Options A, C, and D contain incorrect pairings of steel grade and application.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. 304: Kitchen sinks, electrical wiring; 316: Propellers, engine components: While both 304 and 316 have their applications, electrical wiring is typically not made from stainless steel due to cost and conductivity considerations. Additionally, propellers often require materials with higher strength and specific corrosion resistance properties, which 316 might not fully provide.
C. 304: Propellers, rudder; 316: Kitchen appliances, decorative trim: Propellers and rudders are exposed to harsh marine environments and require superior corrosion resistance, which is better provided by 316 stainless steel. 304 is more suitable for interior applications like kitchen appliances and decorative trim.
D. 304: Engine components, structural beams; 316: Interior lighting, ventilation ducts: Engine components often require materials with specific heat resistance and mechanical properties, which 304 might not fully provide. Interior lighting and ventilation ducts are generally not exposed to the same level of harsh conditions as external components and can be adequately served by 304 stainless steel.

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Question: What are the three main constituents of austenitic stainless steel and their approximate percentage compositions?

B. Copper (50%), Zinc (30%), Tin (20%)

D. Titanium (60%), Vanadium (25%), Molybdenum (15%)

A. Iron (60-70%), Chromium (16-18%), Nickel (8-10%)

C. Aluminum (70%), Magnesium (20%), Silicon (10%)

Answer:

A. Iron (60-70%), Chromium (16-18%), Nickel (8-10%)

Explanation:

Austenitic stainless steel is primarily composed of iron, with chromium being the key alloying element providing corrosion resistance. Nickel is added to stabilize the austenitic structure and improve properties like ductility and toughness. While the exact percentages can vary depending on the specific grade, the general composition falls within the ranges provided in option A.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. Copper (50%), Zinc (30%), Tin (20%): This composition describes brass, not stainless steel.
C. Aluminum (70%), Magnesium (20%), Silicon (10%): This composition is closer to an aluminum alloy, not stainless steel.
D. Titanium (60%), Vanadium (25%), Molybdenum (15%): This composition describes a titanium alloy, not stainless steel.

Stainless steel is primarily an iron-based alloy with chromium as the essential element for corrosion resistance. Nickel is often added for improved properties.

Answer:

A. Iron (60-70%), Chromium (16-18%), Nickel (8-10%)

Explanation:

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. Copper (50%), Zinc (30%), Tin (20%): This composition describes brass, not stainless steel.
C. Aluminum (70%), Magnesium (20%), Silicon (10%): This composition is closer to an aluminum alloy, not stainless steel.
D. Titanium (60%), Vanadium (25%), Molybdenum (15%): This composition describes a titanium alloy, not stainless steel.

Stainless steel is primarily an iron-based alloy with chromium as the essential element for corrosion resistance. Nickel is often added for improved properties.

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