CHIEF ENGINEER Unit 3 SOLAS Q2

Chapter XI-2 of SOLAS (1974, as amended) is titled “Special measures to enhance maritime security.” It was added to SOLAS in response to the increasing threat of terrorism and other security risks in the maritime domain. The main goal of this chapter is to establish a comprehensive framework for enhancing maritime security through international cooperation and standardized procedures.  

1. Legislation Implementing the ISPS Code, SOLAS Chapter XI-1 Regulation 5, and SOLAS Chapter XI-2 – Cabinet Office of the Isle of Man Government

2. SOLAS XI-2 and the ISPS Code – International Maritime Organization

Key points of Chapter XI-2:

• International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code: It enshrines the ISPS Code, which outlines detailed security measures for ships and port facilities. Part A of the Code is mandatory, while Part B provides guidelines for compliance.   1. SOLAS XI-2 and the ISPS Code – International Maritime Organization www.imo.org2. International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code | Maritime & Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) www.mpa.gov.sg
• Ship Security: It mandates specific security measures for ships, including the development and implementation of a Ship Security Plan, the appointment of a Ship Security Officer, and the installation of security equipment and systems.   1. SOLAS XI-2 and the ISPS Code – International Maritime Organization www.imo.org
• Port Facility Security: It requires contracting governments to ensure that port facility security assessments are conducted and that port facility security plans are developed, implemented, and reviewed.   1. Frequently Asked Questions on Maritime Security www.imo.org
• Master’s Role: It emphasizes the Master’s authority in making decisions to maintain the ship’s security, even if those decisions conflict with instructions from the company or other parties.   1. Frequently Asked Questions on Maritime Security www.imo.org
• Ship Security Alert System: It requires all ships to have a ship security alert system to enable them to send distress alerts in case of a security incident.   1. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 www.imo.org
• Information Sharing: It establishes mechanisms for sharing information about security threats and incidents between governments, port authorities, and shipping companies.   1. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 www.imo.org
• Control of Ships in Port: It allows port states to take control measures, such as delaying, detaining, or expelling a ship from port, if there are concerns about its security.   1. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 www.imo.org
• Company Responsibilities: It outlines the responsibilities of companies in ensuring the security of their ships and complying with the ISPS Code.   1. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 www.imo.org

In summary, Chapter XI-2 of SOLAS is a critical component of the international maritime security regime. It establishes a framework for assessing and mitigating security risks, promoting cooperation between various stakeholders, and enhancing the overall security of the maritime transportation system.

To comply with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), ships must meet various safety requirements. Here are five basic requirements:

1. Construction Standards: Ships must be built and maintained according to specific structural, mechanical, and electrical standards to ensure their seaworthiness and stability. This includes requirements for subdivision, stability, machinery, and electrical installations.
2. Fire Safety: Ships must have adequate fire protection, detection, and extinction systems in place. This involves fire-resistant construction materials, fire alarms, sprinkler systems, and firefighting equipment.
3. Life-saving Appliances and Arrangements: Ships must carry sufficient lifesaving appliances, such as lifeboats, life rafts, and personal flotation devices, to ensure the survival of passengers and crew in case of an emergency. They must also have clear evacuation procedures and muster stations.
4. Radiocommunication: Ships must be equipped with radio communication systems to enable them to communicate with other ships and shore stations for safety and distress purposes. This includes requirements for Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) equipment and procedures.
5. Safety of Navigation: Ships must have appropriate navigational equipment and follow safe navigation practices to avoid collisions and other hazards at sea. This includes requirements for charts, navigational aids, and adherence to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs).

These five basic requirements represent just a fraction of the comprehensive safety measures outlined in SOLAS. The Convention covers many other aspects, including cargo handling, safety management systems, and special provisions for certain types of ships.

At Security Level 1, the following basic procedures should be implemented onboard a vessel to comply with the ISPS Code:

1. Access Control:

• Controlled Access Points: Designate specific access points for entry and exit, with clear signage and physical barriers if necessary.
• Identification Checks: Verify the identity of all persons boarding the vessel, including crew members, passengers, visitors, and service providers.
• Restricted Areas: Clearly define and control access to restricted areas, such as the bridge, engine room, and cargo spaces.
• Key Control: Implement a system for managing keys and access cards to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive areas.

2. Security Patrols and Monitoring:

• Regular Patrols: Conduct regular security patrols of the vessel, both internally and externally, to identify any suspicious activities or security breaches.
• CCTV Surveillance: Utilize CCTV cameras to monitor key areas of the vessel and record any security incidents.
• Security Lighting: Ensure adequate lighting in all areas of the vessel, particularly at night, to deter unauthorized access and enhance visibility for security patrols.

3. Cargo Security:

• Cargo Declaration: Obtain and verify cargo declarations before loading and ensure that cargo is properly stowed and secured.
• Cargo Access Control: Restrict access to cargo areas and implement measures to prevent tampering or theft of cargo.
• Dangerous Goods: Follow proper procedures for the handling and storage of dangerous goods to prevent accidents and security incidents.

4. Communication and Coordination:

• Internal Communication: Establish clear communication channels between the ship’s security officer, the Master, and the crew to ensure prompt reporting and response to any security concerns.
• External Communication: Maintain contact with relevant shore-based authorities, such as port facilities and maritime security agencies, to exchange information and coordinate security measures.

5. Security Awareness and Training:

• Crew Training: Provide regular security training to all crew members to ensure they are aware of security procedures and can identify and respond to potential threats.
• Security Drills: Conduct security drills, such as bomb searches and evacuation procedures, to test the crew’s preparedness and identify areas for improvement.
• Security Briefing: Conduct security briefings for passengers and visitors to inform them of security procedures and raise awareness of potential risks.

Remember: These are just the basic procedures required at Security Level 1. At higher security levels, additional measures may be necessary. It’s crucial to regularly review and update security procedures based on risk assessments and any changes in the security environment.

Always prioritize the safety and security of the vessel, crew, passengers, and cargo.