Intermediate Shaft Plain Bearings on Propulsion Shafts:
Here’s a breakdown of the points regarding intermediate shaft plain bearings:
(a) How Change of Alignment Due to Vessel Condition is Allowed For:
Intermediate shaft plain bearings, while designed for optimal performance with minimal misalignment, can accommodate some degree of change in shaft alignment due to vessel condition. Here are two main factors that contribute to this:
- Bearing Material: Plain bearings typically use materials like white metal or lined steel that offer a certain degree of conformability. This allows the bearing surface to slightly deform and accommodate minor variations in shaft alignment.
- Bearing Clearance: Intermediate shaft bearings are designed with a specific clearance between the shaft and the bearing bush. This clearance allows for a thin film of lubricant to form and for some limited movement of the shaft within the bearing.
However, it’s important to note that excessive misalignment can lead to increased wear, reduced bearing life, and potential damage. Maintaining proper shaft alignment through regular checks and adjustments is crucial for optimal bearing performance.
(b) Why the Shaft Must be able to Move Longitudinally:
There are two main reasons why the shaft needs some degree of longitudinal (axial) movement in a propulsion system:
- Thermal Expansion: As the engine operates, the propeller shaft and other components will experience thermal expansion. A small amount of axial movement in the shaft allows for this expansion and contraction without binding or putting excessive stress on the bearings and couplings.
- Propeller Thrust: The propeller generates thrust as it rotates, pushing the vessel forward. This thrust creates a small axial force on the shaft. The ability of the shaft to move slightly allows for this force to be transmitted without putting undue stress on the bearings.
Important Note:
While some axial movement is necessary, excessive movement can lead to problems like whipping of the shaft or propeller walk (propeller causing the vessel to steer off course). The design of the shaft line and bearings should allow for some controlled axial movement within acceptable limits.
(c) Why the Aftmost Bearing Requires a Complete Bush but Other Bearings May Have the Bush Only in the Lower Half:
The design of the intermediate shaft bearings often differs, specifically for the aftmost bearing compared to the forward bearings. Here’s the reasoning:
- Aftmost Bearing (Complete Bush): This bearing experiences the greatest load from the propeller thrust. A complete bush provides better support for the shaft and helps distribute the load more evenly. Additionally, the complete bush design offers better shaft stability and helps prevent whipping.
- Forward Bearings (Lower Half Bush): These bearings experience less load compared to the aftmost bearing. A lower half bush allows for easier installation and removal of the shaft during maintenance or repairs. Additionally, with proper shaft alignment and support from the aftmost bearing, the lower half bush design is sufficient for these locations.
Summary:
The design of intermediate shaft plain bearings considers several factors to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Their ability to accommodate some misalignment and allow for controlled axial movement is crucial for proper shaft operation. Additionally, the design differences between the aftmost and forward bearings reflect the varying loads and maintenance considerations in the propulsion system.