Distillate Fuel Oil Terms and Avoiding Problems:
(a) Fuel Terms:
(i) Cloud Point:
- Definition: The cloud point of a distillate fuel oil refers to the temperature at which wax crystals begin to form and separate from the liquid fuel. As the temperature drops below the cloud point, the fuel becomes cloudy due to the suspended wax crystals.
(ii) Compatibility:
- Definition: Fuel compatibility refers to the ability of two different fuels to be mixed without causing adverse effects. Incompatible fuels can lead to problems when blended, such as:
- Sediment Formation: Incompatible fuels can react and form sludge or sediment that can clog filters and fuel lines.
- Increased Viscosity: Mixing incompatible fuels can cause the resulting blend to thicken, hindering proper fuel flow within the engine.
- Corrosion: Certain fuel blends might lead to increased corrosion within the fuel system components.
(b) Avoiding Problems:
(i) Cloud Point:
- Fuel Selection: When operating in cold weather conditions, it’s crucial to choose a distillate fuel with a cloud point lower than the expected minimum operating temperature. This ensures the fuel remains liquid and flows freely within the fuel system, preventing problems like filter clogging and engine stalling.
- Fuel Additives: In some cases, cold flow improver additives can be used to lower the cloud point of the existing fuel and improve its performance in colder temperatures.
(ii) Compatibility:
- Fuel Storage and Handling: Always store different fuel types in separate tanks and avoid mixing them unless confirmed to be compatible. Clearly label storage tanks to prevent accidental mixing.
- Fuel Supplier Guidance: Consult the fuel supplier or refer to technical data sheets for information on fuel compatibility.
- Fuel Testing: In critical applications or when mixing fuels is unavoidable, consider fuel compatibility testing before using the blend in an engine. This can help identify potential issues and prevent problems within the fuel system and engine.
By understanding the cloud point and fuel compatibility, you can select the appropriate fuel type and avoid mixing incompatible fuels. This helps ensure smooth engine operation, prevents filter clogging, and minimizes wear and tear on system components.