With reference to main engine turbo chargers, explain the purpose of EACH of the following:
(a) the volute casing;(3)
(b) the diffuser;(4)
(c) the nozzle ring.(3)
Volute Casing
A volute casing is a spiral-shaped component that surrounds the impeller in a centrifugal pump or fan. Its primary function is to collect the fluid or gas discharged from the impeller and convert its kinetic energy into static pressure.
How it works:
- The impeller imparts high velocity to the fluid. 1. Lesson One – What is a Centrifugal Pump? www.pricepump.com
- The volute casing gradually increases in cross-sectional area, slowing down the fluid while increasing its pressure. 1. The flow in volute casing outside the rotating impeller of a centrifugal pump is – Testbook testbook.com
- This process converts the fluid’s kinetic energy into pressure energy. 1. Volute casing – KSB www.ksb.com
Key features of a volute casing:
- Spiral shape: The volute’s curved design ensures smooth fluid flow.
- Cutwater: A partition separating the impeller discharge from the volute inlet. 1. What is a Volute Pump | Power Zone Equipment Inc powerzone.com
- Discharge port: The outlet where the fluid exits the casing. 1. Centrifugal Pump Explained – saVRee savree.com
Would you like to know more about the different types of volute casings or their impact on pump performance?
Opens in a new windowwww.introtopumps.com
volute casing
Diffuser in a Main Engine Turbocharger
A diffuser is a component in the compressor section of a turbocharger. Its primary function is to convert the high-velocity air leaving the impeller into static pressure.
1. Turbocharger Fundamentals – DieselNet
2. Air is sucked into the impeller eye and whirled outwards at high speed by the impeller disk. At any point in the flow of air through the impeller the centripetal acceleration is obtained by a pressure head so that the static pressure of the air increases from the eye to the tip of the impeller. The remainder of the static pressure rise is obtained in the diffuser, where the very high velocity of air leaving the impeller tip is reduced to almost the velocity with which the air enters the impeller eye. – Nptel
How it works:
- The impeller imparts high kinetic energy to the air.
- The diffuser gradually increases in cross-sectional area, slowing down the air while increasing its pressure.
- This process converts the air’s kinetic energy into pressure energy, which is essential for efficient engine combustion. 1. Diffuser: Meaning, Applications & Thermodynamics Equations – StudySmarter www.studysmarter.co.uk
Essentially, the diffuser acts as a transition section between the high-speed impeller and the volute casing, optimizing the airflow and maximizing the pressure increase.
Opens in a new windowgoldfarbinc.com
turbocharger diffuser
Nozzle Ring in a Main Engine Turbocharger
A nozzle ring is a critical component in the turbine section of a turbocharger. It plays a vital role in directing and controlling the flow of exhaust gases onto the turbine blades.
1. Coated Nozzle Ring – Accelleron
2. Turbo Nozzle Rings Replacements For Turbocharger | UK Supplier – Bartech Turbos
Function of the nozzle ring:
Variable geometry (VGT): In some turbochargers, the nozzle ring can be adjusted to control the amount of exhaust gas flowing to the turbine, improving engine responsiveness and efficiency across a wider operating range.
Directs exhaust gas: The nozzle ring has precisely shaped openings (nozzles) that direct the exhaust gas flow towards the turbine blades. 1. Understanding the operation and construction of Turbocharger. – YouTube www.youtube.com
Energy conversion: By converting the pressure energy of the exhaust gas into kinetic energy, the nozzle ring maximizes the efficiency of the turbine. 1. Turbo Nozzle Rings Replacements For Turbocharger | UK Supplier – Bartech Turbos bartechturbos.com