- With reference to the International Convention on Load Lines:
(a) list SIX different trading areas that are applied to the measurement of the freeboard of a vessel;(2)
(b) outline FOUR circumstances that would cause a vessel to infringe the Load Line regulations if it attempted to proceed to sea.(8)
(a) Six trading areas applied to measurement of freeboard (2)
The load line zones and areas defined under the Convention are:
- Tropical Fresh Water (TF)
- Fresh Water (F)
- Tropical Seawater (T)
- Summer Seawater (S)
- Winter Seawater (W)
- Winter North Atlantic (WNA) (applies to certain vessels and routes only)
(Any six correct zones = 2 marks)
(b) Four circumstances that would cause a vessel to infringe Load Line regulations if attempting to proceed to sea (8)
- Freeboard not sufficient – the vessel is loaded so deeply that the assigned load line is submerged.
Reason: reduces reserve buoyancy and compromises safety in heavy weather. - Load line marks not properly painted or visible.
Reason: regulations require clear, permanent visibility for inspection and enforcement. - Weathertight/watertight integrity compromised – e.g. defective hatch covers, damaged doors, missing scupper plugs.
Reason: reduces protection against downflooding and increases risk of water ingress. - Failure to carry a valid Load Line Certificate.
Reason: it is a statutory document required for international voyages, proving compliance.
(Other valid points: incorrect deck line marking, structural modifications without re-survey, intentional overloading, damaged freeing ports or closing appliances.)