With reference to the International Maritime Organisation (IMO): (a) state the THREE main categories of IMO Conventions;(3) (b) state how IMO Conventions are enforced;(2) (c) state the aim of the IMO Member State Audit Scheme (IMSAS).(5)
(a) Three main categories of IMO Conventions (3 marks)
Safety Conventions – Concerned with the safety of life at sea (e.g. SOLAS).
Pollution Prevention Conventions – Focused on preventing pollution from ships (e.g. MARPOL).
Liability and Compensation Conventions – Concerned with civil liability, compensation, and financial responsibility (e.g. CLC, Fund Convention).
(b) How IMO Conventions are enforced (2 marks)
Conventions are ratified by Member States and become part of their national legislation.
Enforcement is carried out through flag State control (responsibility of the vessel’s flag State) and port State control (inspection by coastal States when ships call at their ports).
(c) Aim of the IMO Member State Audit Scheme (IMSAS) (5 marks)
To assess how effectively Member States implement and enforce IMO instruments.
To verify compliance with obligations under IMO Conventions.
To identify strengths and areas for improvement in maritime administration.
To enhance global maritime safety, security, and environmental protection through consistent application.
To promote transparency, accountability, and continuous improvement in Member States’ performance.
