With reference to ocean going vessels, define EACH of the following: (a) trim;(1) (b) freeboard;(1) (c) camber;(1) (d) length between perpendiculars;(1) (e) length overall;(1) (f) sheer;(1) (g) stem;(1) (h) draft marks;(1) (i) draft;(1) (j) depth;(1)
(a) Trim (1)
The difference between the draft forward and the draft aft.
It indicates whether the ship is trimmed by the head (forward) or by the stern (aft).
(b) Freeboard (1)
The vertical distance from the waterline to the upper deck edge at the side of the ship.
Important for reserve buoyancy and load line compliance.
(c) Camber (1)
The transverse curvature of the deck, with the highest point on the centreline.
Allows drainage of water overboard.
(d) Length Between Perpendiculars (LBP) (1)
The distance measured between the forward perpendicular (at the intersection of the waterline with the stem) and the after perpendicular (usually at the centreline of the rudder stock).
(e) Length Overall (LOA) (1)
The maximum length of the vessel from the foremost to the aftermost point of the hull.
(f) Sheer (1)
The upward curvature of the deck in the longitudinal direction towards the bow and stern.
Provides reserve buoyancy and improves seaworthiness.
(g) Stem (1)
The forwardmost structural member of the ship’s bow, connecting the two sides of the hull.
(h) Draft Marks (1)
Numbers marked on the ship’s hull at the bow, stern, and amidships showing the depth of the keel below the waterline.
(i) Draft (1)
The vertical distance from the keel’s bottom (baseline) to the waterline.
Indicates how deeply the ship is submerged.
(j) Depth (1)
The vertical distance from the keel’s baseline to the top of the deck beam at the side of the uppermost continuous deck.
