- With reference to portable fire extinguishers:
(a) describe the examination and testing of portable fire extinguishers as specified in the UK and Internatinal legislation.
(6)
(b) state the classes of fire that Dry powder extinguishers may be safely used;
(2)
(c) describe the operation of a portable CO, fire extinguisher.
(2)
(a) Examination and Testing of Portable Fire Extinguishers (6 marks)
As per UK MCA regulations and IMO/SOLAS requirements:
- Monthly checks (by ship’s crew):
- Ensure extinguisher is in place, properly secured and accessible.
- Visual inspection of condition, safety pin, seal, and operating instructions.
- Pressure gauge (if fitted) should read within safe limits.
- Annual examination (by a competent person):
- Detailed check of the extinguisher body, valve, hose, and nozzle.
- Weight check for CO₂ extinguishers to confirm correct charge.
- Check for corrosion, damage, leakage.
- Re-pressurisation/replacement of extinguishing medium if required.
- Hydraulic pressure testing (as per flag state/IMO, typically every 5 years):
- Pressure test the cylinder to the specified test pressure.
- Ensures structural integrity of the extinguisher body.
(b) Classes of Fire for Dry Powder Extinguishers (2 marks)
- Class A: Ordinary combustibles (wood, paper, textiles).
- Class B: Flammable liquids (fuel, oil, paints).
- Class C: Flammable gases.
- Also effective on Class E (electrical fires), as powder is non-conductive.
(c) Operation of a Portable CO₂ Fire Extinguisher (2 marks)
- Pull the safety pin and remove the tamper seal.
- Direct the discharge horn at the base of the fire.
- Squeeze the handle – liquid CO₂ is released, expanding to gas and displacing oxygen.
- The cooling effect of the expanding gas also helps smother the flames.